Marie Antoinette - Wikipedia. Marie Antoinette (, /ˌɑ̃ːntwə- /, /ˌɑ̃ːtwə- /, US: ;[1]French: [maʁi ɑ̃twanɛt]; born Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna (2 November 1. October 1. 79. 3) was the last Queen of France before the French Revolution. She was born an Archduchess of Austria, and was the penultimate child of Empress Maria Theresa and Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor. In April 1. 77. 0, upon her marriage to Louis- Auguste, heir apparent to the French throne, she became Dauphine of France.
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On 1. 0 May 1. 77. Louis XVI, she assumed the title Queen of France and Navarre, which she held until September 1. French Revolution proceeded, she became Queen of the French, a title she held until 2. September 1. 79. 2.
After eight years of marriage, Marie Antoinette gave birth to a daughter, Marie Thérèse of France, the first of her four children. Despite her initial popularity, a growing number of the population eventually came to dislike her, accusing her of being profligate, promiscuous,[2] and of harbouring sympathies for France's enemies, particularly her native Austria.[3] The Affair of the Diamond Necklace damaged her reputation further. During the Revolution, she became known as Madame Déficit because the country's financial crisis was blamed on her lavish spending and her opposition to the social and financial reforms of Turgot and Necker. During the Revolution, after the government had placed the royal family under house arrest in the Tuileries Palace in October 1. Marie Antoinette, in particular the June 1. Varennes and her role in the War of the First Coalition, had disastrous effects on French popular opinion.
On 1. 0 August 1. Tuileries forced the royal family to take refuge at the Assembly, and on 1. August the family was imprisoned in the Temple. On 2. 1 September 1. After a two- day trial begun on 1. October 1. 79. 3, Marie Antoinette was convicted by the Revolutionary Tribunal of high treason and executed by guillotine on the Place de la Révolution on 1.
October 1. 79. 3. Early life (1. 75. Archduchesses Maria Antonia in a pink dress and Maria Carolina in blue (watercolor on ivory by Antonio Pencini, 1. Maria Antonia was born on 2 November 1.
Hofburg Palace in Vienna. She was the youngest daughter of Empress Maria Theresa, ruler of the Habsburg Empire, and her husband Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor.[4] Her godparents were Joseph I and Mariana Victoria, King and Queen of Portugal; Archduke Joseph and Archduchess Maria Anna acted as proxies for their newborn sister.[5][6] Shortly after her birth she was placed under the care of the governess of the imperial children, Countess von Brandeis.[7] Maria Antonia was raised together with her three- year older sister Maria Carolina, with whom she had a lifelong close relationship.[8] She had a difficult relationship with her mother, but both the empress and her daughter loved each other.[9]Maria Antonia spent her formative years between the Hofburg Palace and Schönbrunn, the imperial summer residence in Vienna,[1. October 1. 76. 2, when she was seven, she met Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, two months her junior and a child prodigy.[1. Despite the private tutoring she received, the results of her schooling were less than satisfactory.[1. At the age of ten she could not write correctly in German or in any language commonly used at court, such as French and Italian,[1. Under the teaching of Christoph Willibald Gluck, Maria Antonia developed into a good musician.
She learned to play the harp,[1. Watch Foodfight! Online. She sang during the family's evening gatherings, as she had a beautiful voice.[1. She also excelled at dancing,[2. Dauphine of France (1. Marie Antoinette at the age of thirteen; this miniature portrait was sent to the Dauphin to show him what his future bride looked like (by Joseph Ducreux, 1.
Following the Seven Years' War and the Diplomatic Revolution of 1. Empress Maria Theresa decided to end hostilities with her longtime enemy, King Louis XV of France. Their common desire to destroy the ambitions of Prussia and Great Britain and to secure a definitive peace between their respective countries led them to seal their alliance with a marriage: on 7 February 1. Louis XV formally requested the hand of Maria Antonia for his eldest surviving grandson and heir, Louis- Auguste, Duke of Berry and Dauphin of France.[2. Maria Antonia formally renounced her rights to Habsburg domains, and on 1. April she was married by proxy to the Dauphin of France at the Augustinian Church in Vienna, with her brother Archduke Ferdinand standing in for the Dauphin.[2.
On 1. 4 May she met her husband at the edge of the forest of Compiègne. Upon her arrival in France she adopted the French version of her name: Marie Antoinette. A further ceremonial wedding took place on 1. May 1. 77. 0 in the Palace of Versailles and, after the festivities, the day ended with the ritual bedding.[2. The lack of a marriage consummation plagued the reputation of both Louis- Auguste and Marie Antoinette for the next seven years.[2. The initial reaction to the marriage between Marie Antoinette and Louis- Auguste was mixed. On the one hand, the Dauphine was beautiful, personable and well- liked by the common people.
Her first official appearance in Paris on 8 June 1. On the other hand, those opposed to the alliance with Austria, and others for personal reasons, had a difficult relationship with Marie Antoinette.[2. Marie Antoinette in hunting attire, one of her mother's favorite portraits of her daughter (by Joseph Krantzinger, 1. Madame du Barry, for example, was Louis XV's mistress and had considerable political influence over him.
In 1. 77. 0 she was instrumental in ousting Étienne François, duc de Choiseul, who had helped orchestrate the Franco- Austrian alliance and Marie Antoinette's marriage,[3. Gramont, one of Marie Antoinette's ladies- in- waiting. Marie Antoinette was persuaded by her husband's aunts to refuse to acknowledge du Barry, which some saw as a political blunder that jeopardised Austria's interests at the French court. Marie Antoinette's mother and the Austrian ambassador to France, comte de Mercy- Argenteau, who sent the Empress secret reports on Marie Antoinette's behavior, pressured Marie Antoinette to speak to Madame du Barry, which she grudgingly agreed to do on New Year's Day 1. She merely commented to her, "there are a lot of people at Versailles today", but it was enough for Madame du Barry, who was satisfied with this recognition, and the crisis passed.[3. Two days after the death of Louis XV in 1. Louis XVI exiled Madame du Barry to the Abbaye de Pont- aux- Dames in Meaux, pleasing his wife and aunts.[3.
Two and a half years later, at the end of October 1. Madame du Barry's exile ended and she was allowed to return to her beloved chateau at Louveciennes, but she was never permitted to return to Versailles.[3.
Queen of France and Navarre (1. Royal monogram of Marie Antoinette as Queen of France. Early years (1. 77. Upon the death of Louis XV on 1. May 1. 77. 4, the Dauphin ascended the throne as King Louis XVI of France and Navarre and Marie Antoinette became Queen of France and Navarre. At the outset, the new queen had limited political influence with her husband, who with the support of his two most important ministers, Chief Minister Maurepas and Foreign Minister Vergennes, blocked several of her candidates from assuming important positions, including Choiseul.[4. However, the queen did play a decisive role in the disgrace and exile of the most powerful of Louis XV's ministers, the Duke of Aiguillon.[4.
On 2. 4 May 1. 77. Louis XV, her husband gave her an estate, the Petit Trianon, and free rein to renovate it; soon rumours circulated that she plastered the walls with gold and diamonds.[4. The queen spent heavily on fashion, luxuries and gambling, though the country was facing a grave financial crisis and the population was suffering. Rose Bertin created dresses for her, and hair styles such as poufs, up to three feet (9.